Transport in Italy

Italy within the European Union

Italy has well developed public and private transportation options. Italian rail network is extensive, especially in the north, generally eclipsing the need for an alternative such as bus or air (both of which, however, exist to some extent). While a number of private railroads exist and provide mostly commuter-type services, the national railway, Ferrovie dello Stato, also provides sophisticated high-speed rail service that joins the major cities of Italy from Naples through northern cities such as Milan and Turin. Italy has 2507 people and 12.46 km² (World's seventh) per km of rail track.

Italy's road network is also widespread, with a total length of about 487,700 km. It comprises both an extensive motorway network (6,400 km), mostly toll roads, and national and local roads.

Because of its long seacoast, Italy also has a large number of harbors for the transportation of both goods and passengers. Italy has been a seafaring peninsula dating back to the days of the Etruscans and the Greeks.

Railways

A Frecciarossa high-speed train

Scheme of city public transport systems in Italy

A station on the Milan Metro, the largest rapid transit system in Italy

Main article: Rail transport in Italy

See also: List of railway companies, List of town tramway systems in Italy, and List of trolleybus systems in Italy

Italian railway system has a length of 19,394 km (12,051 mi), of which 18,071 km (11,229 mi) standard gauge and 11,322 km (7,035 mi) electrified. The narrow gauge tracks are:

• 112 km (70 mi) of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ³⁄₈ in) gauge (all electrified);
• 1,211 km (752 mi) of 950 mm (3 ft 1 ³⁄₈ in) gauge (of which 153 km (95 mi) electrified)

High speed trains

Main article: High-speed rail in Italy

High-speed rail in Italy currently consists of two lines connecting all the country's major cities. The first line connects Milan to Salerno via Bologna, Florence, Rome and Naples, the second runs from Turin to Venice via Milan, and is under construction in parts. The network is designed for a top speed of over 300 km/h (190 mph).

Service is provided by Trenitalia, although other companies, such as NTV, are going to compete on the same lines beginning in 2012.

Rapid transit

Cities with metro systems:

City	Name	Lines	Length (km)	Stations	Opening
Catania	Catania Metro	1	4	6	1999
Genoa	Genoa Metro	1	5	7	1990
Milan	Milan Metro	3	83.3	94	1964
Naples	Naples Metro	2	15.8	19	1993
Rome	Rome Metro	2	38	49	1955
Turin	Turin Metro	1	13.2	21	2006

Cities with commuter rail systems:

• Milan, 10 lines (S lines)
• Naples, 5 lines
• Rome, 8 lines (FR lines)

Rail links with adjacent countries

The Marseille-Vintimille railway line in Ventimiglia, near the French border

See also: Rail transport in Italy#Rail links to adjacent countries

Italy's main railroad passenger carrier, Trenitalia, operates trains linking Italy to France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. Other companies, like Cisalpino (owned by Trenitalia and SBB), Rhätische Bahn and SNCF operate international links. Vatican City is also linked with a railroad, occasionally used. San Marino used to have a narrow gauge rail connection with Italy, dismantled in 1944.

Stations

Milano Centrale railway station, the second busiest in Italy after Roma Termini

Main article: Railway stations in Italy

Italy's top ten railway stations by annual passengers are:

Station	passengers per year (million)
Bologna Centrale	58
Firenze Santa Maria Novella	59
Genova Piazza Principe	24
Milano Centrale	120
Napoli Centrale	50
Roma Termini	150
Torino Porta Nuova	70
Venezia Mestre	31
Venezia Santa Lucia	30
Verona Porta Nuova	25

Stations with darker background are also served by High-speed trains

Roads

Motorway network in Italy

Italian motorways (Autostrade) are identified by green signs

A motorway in Italy

Main articles: Autostrade of Italy and State highway (Italy)

Italy is one of the countries with the most vehicles per capita, with 690 per 1000 people in 2010. Italy has a total of 487,700 km of paved roads, of which 6,400 km are motorways generally with a speed limit of 130 km/h (81 mph). The speed limit in towns is usually 50 km/h (31 mph) and less commonly 30 km/h (19 mph).

Waterways

Italy has 2,400 km (1,491 mi) of navigable waterways for various types of commercial traffic, although of limited overall value.

Ports and harbours

Genoa has one of the busiest seaport in Italy

List of ports in Italy
Ancona Arbatax Augusta Bari Brindisi Cagliari Catania Civitavecchia Genoa Gioia Tauro La Spezia Livorno Messina Milazzo Naples Olbia Palermo Porto Torres Ravenna Salerno Savona Taranto Trieste Venice

Busiest ports by cargo tonnage in Italy (2008)

Busiest ports by passengers in Italy (2008)

Port Region Thousand tons % Taranto Apulia 49,522 9.4 Genoa Liguria 46,469 8.8 Trieste Friuli-Venezia Giulia 37,195 7.1 Gioia Tauro Calabria 31,527 6.0 Ravenna Emilia-Romagna 30,075 5.7 Venice Veneto 29,920 5.7 Livorno Tuscany 28,667 5.4 Augusta Sicily 26,849 5.1 Porto Foxi Sardinia 26,407 5.0 Santa Panagia Sicily 17,305 3.3 La Spezia Liguria 17,014 3.2 Savona-Vado Liguria 16,370 3.1 Milazzo Sicily 15,405 2.9 Olbia Sardinia 12,875 2.4 Brindisi Apulia 10,767 2.0 Other 129,851 24.7 Italy 526,218 100.0

Port Region Thousand pass. % Messina Sicily 10,380 11.5 Reggio di Calabria Calabria 10,116 11.2 Capri Campania 7,169 8.0 Naples Campania 6,185 6.9 Piombino Tuscany 5,036 5.6 Portoferraio Tuscany 3,927 4.4 Olbia Sardinia 3,567 4.0 Livorno Tuscany 3,251 3.6 Civitavecchia Lazio 2,677 3.0 Genoa Liguria 2,510 2.8 La Maddalena Sardinia 2,374 2.6 Palau Sardinia 2,364 2.6 Ischia Porto Campania 2,342 2.6 Palermo Sicily 1,949 2.2 Sorrento Campania 1,887 2.1 Other 24,423 27.1 Italy 90,157 100.0

Airports

Main article: List of airports in Italy

Italy has a total of 132 airports in 2010, of which 101 have paved runways:

• over 3,047 m: 9
• 2,438 to 3,047 m: 30
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18
• 914 to 1,523 m: 31
• under 914 m: 13

Airports - with unpaved runways in 2010:

• total: 31
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
• 914 to 1,523 m: 11
• under 914 m: 19

Top ten busiest airports

Rome Fiumicino airport, the busiest in Italy.

This is a list of the top ten busiest airports in Italy in 2009.

Airport	Movements	Passengers			Freight (tons)
		disembarked	embarked	total	disembarked	embarked	total
Rome Fiumicino	311,679	16,150,965	16,294,531	32,445,496	64,069	72,001	136,070
Milan Malpensa	169,389	7,946,725	7,885,436	15,832,161	159,687	167,382	327,069
Milan Linate	92,884	4,160,526	4,130,569	8,291,095	7,972	8,532	16,504
Venice Marco Polo	67,160	3,220,072	3,216,922	6,436,994	12,511	13,005	25,516
Bologna Guglielmo Marconi	53,022	2,117,111	2,124,922	4,242,033	6,920	8,887	15,807
Naples Capodichino	52,367	2,406,886	2,426,418	4,833,304	1,935	1,142	3,077
Bergamo Orio al Serio	52,120	3,310,447	3,325,468	6,635,915	4,597	4,951	9,548
Catania-Fontanarossa	50,503	2,768,158	2,794,629	5,562,787	5,229	3,204	8,433
Palermo Punta Raisi	46,182	2,089,904	2,071,786	4,161,690	1,618	1,656	3,274
Turin Caselle	42,649	1,494,395	1,494,981	2,989,376	794	625	1,419
Other	333,181	15,470,588	15,507,497	30,978,085	37,396	32,991	70,387
Total	1,271,136	61,135,777	61,273,159	122,408,936	302,728	314,376	617,104