Sculpture of Italy
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Sculpture of Italy refers to the plastic arts, sculpture and statues in Italy.
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History
Etruscan sculpture
The sculptures are mainly Etruscan terra-cotta or bronze. They modeled the figures of the dead, who appeared lying on the sarcophagus.1 Etruscan sculpture with realistic portrait appeared, leaving the idealism of Greek art.1
Bears some resemblance to the original Greek sculpture and some Mesopotamian influence. The main works of this period are: The Chimera of Arezzo, the Capitoline Wolf, the Apollo of Veii among others.23
Roman sculpture
Republic and empire
Roman sculpture was not until psad own style while.3
Its early influences were the Etruscans. Inherited from the Etruscans to the realism of the images of wax who performed their dead, the Greek idealism. Republican period include the portraits of Julius Caesar, Cicero and Pompey. The Greek idealism can be seen in the works for the rule (if AC) as the Augustus of Prima Porta, or the portraits of Caligula and Tiberius.2
Posterormente the time of the Flavian and during military anarchy s. III dc current prevailing more typical of realism.3 During the reign of Antonin tends to baroque portraiture. Proof of this are portraits of Comfortable, Antoninus Pius and Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius.2
In Rome also carved reliefs, the influences were the same, being the most popular trend realism and idealism more aristocratic. In the reliefs, Roman artists made use of pictorial and prospects.1 And anecdotal details. The most obvious influence of Greece can be seen in the reliefs of the Ara Pacis of Augustus, this idealistic tendency was lost over time, but still in the Trajan's Column or the Arch of Titus, but is weaker in the Column of Marcus Aurelius in that its reliefs represent the horror of war.3
Byzantine sculpture
The most prominent works of sculpture are manufactured Byzantine capitals ornamental plant and animal motifs involved, as are those of San Vitale and the sarcophagi of the same city, in which items are represented Good Shepherd.
But the major works of sculpture is the small Byzantine works, pamphlets and carved boxes in ivory, highlighting Barberini diptych, Louvre by 5th century, or The Bishop's famous Maximian in Ravenna, carved into the year 533 on ivory plaques with painstaking work.
Middle Ages
Romanesque
During the Romanesque in the rest of Europe the sculpture was subordinated to architecture as a simple decoration, mainly at the doors of churches and cathedrals. But most of the Italian territory, the sculptural decoration did not exist, in particular Italian Romanesque art was given more importance to color, so the decoration was carved fachads if that was not painted or marble used in different colors.1 But in general the Italian Romanesque, like the Gothic was more classical than in the rest of Europe.
Gothic
Italian Gothic sculpture is developed mainly in Tuscany and northern peninsula.3 These are the places where Nicola Pisano carved reliefs of the Baptistery pulpit of the Cathedral of Pisa and Cathedral of Siena. Nicola Pisano had a tendency markedly classicist who practically anticipates rebirth.1 Moreover, his son Giovanni are influenced more by the international mainstream, taking characteristic of French Gothic3 as German.1
Finally with Lorenzo Ghiberti Gothic ending retains certain features of Gothic sculpture but somehow returning to classicism which will lead to rebirth.3
Renaissance
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Baroque
Of the various Italian sculptors who emerged in the Rome of this period, Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680) is seen as the most important and his approach to the Baroque as the most highly charged. He is greatly valued for his virtuosity in carving marble and his ability to create figures that combine the physical and the spiritual.
A particular example of Bernini's work that helps us understand the Baroque is his St. Theresa in Ecstasy (1645–52), created for the Cornaro Chapel of the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome. He was also a fine sculptor of bust portraits in high demand among the powerful.
Rococo
Neoclassicism
Antonio Canova (1757–1822) became probably the most famous Italian Neoclassical sculptor, creating works for Napoleon I in Paris. Examples include Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss.4
Alphabetical list of Italian sculptors
(selection)
See also
External links
Media related to Sculpture of Italy at Wikimedia Commons
References
- ^ a b c d e f History of Art. Vicens Vives. 2008. ISBN 978-84-316-4590-8.
- ^ a b c Gran enciclopedia universal de Espasa. 2004. ISBN 84-670-1327-3 (complete work).
- ^ a b c d e f g Larousse Encyclopedic Dictionary. 1983. ISBN 84-7551-004-3 (complete work).
- ^ http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm