Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)
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The Principality of Transylvania or Grand Principality of Transylvania (from 1765) was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy (since 1804 known as the Austrian Empire).
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History
The vassal Ottoman Principality of Transylvania was captured by Habsburgs and transferred to the Habsburg Monarchy by the Treaty of Karlowitz from 1699. From 1711 onward, Habsburg control over Transylvania was consolidated, and the princes of Transylvania were replaced with Habsburg imperial governors. In 1765 the Grand Principality of Transylvania was proclaimed, consolidating the special separate status of Transylvania within the Habsburg Monarchy, established by the Diploma Leopoldinum in 1691.
In 1851, the Transylvanian Military Frontier (which existed from 1762) was abolished and included into Transylvania.
In the compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867 which established the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the special status of Transylvania ended and it came under the control of parliament of the Kingdom of Hungary.
Borders
Before its abolition in 1867, the Principality of Transylvania bordered the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary in the northwest, the Habsburg Bukovina in the northeast, the Habsburg Military Frontier in the southwest, and the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in southeast.
Demographics
| Year | Total | Romanians | Hungarians | Germans | Szekelys |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1720 | 806,221 | 49.6% | 37.2% | 12.2% | - |
| 1730 | ~725,000 | 57.9% | 26.2% | 15.1% | - |
| 1765 | ~1,000,000 | 55.9% | 26% | 12% | - |
| 1784 | 1,440,986 | - | - | - | - |
| 17901 | 1,465,000 | 50.8% | 30.4% | - | - |
| 1835 | - | 62.3% | 23.3% | 14.3% | - |
| 1850 | 2,073,372 | 59.1% | 25.9% | 9.3% | - |
See also
- Principality of Transylvania (1571–1711)
- History of Transylvania
- Transylvania
- List of rulers of Transylvania
- Transylvanian Military Frontier
References
- ^ Peter Rokai – Zoltan Đere – Tibor Pal – Aleksandar Kasaš, Istorija Mađara, Beograd, 2002, pages 376–377.
