National personification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
National personification
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A national personification is an anthropomorphization of a nation or its people; it can appear in both editorial cartoons and propaganda .
Some early personifications in the Western world tended to be national manifestations of the majestic wisdom and war goddess Minerva /Athena , and often took the Latin name of the ancient Roman province . Examples of this type include Britannia , Germania , Hibernia , Helvetia and Polonia . Representations of the everyman or citizenry—rather than of the nation itself—are Deutscher Michel and John Bull .
A national personification is not the same as a national animal , although in some cartoons the national animal rather than the human personification is used to represent a country.
Personifications by country or territory
Country
Image
Personification
Albania Mother Albania
Argentina Effigy of the Republic/Liberty/Progress/Fatherland , Gaucho
Armenia Mother Armenia (Mayr Hayastan ; lit. "Mother Hayastan ")
Australia Crocodile Dundee , Boxing kangaroo
Brazil Efígie da República Bandeirante São Paulo State )
Bulgaria Bay Ganyo
Cambodia Preah Thong and Neang Neak
Canada Mountie , Johnny Canuck , Le Vieux de '37 (French Canada), Adam Dollard des Ormeaux (used during the two World Wars as a military example), Miss Canada, Mother Canada (at the Vimy Memorial )
Czech Republic Švejk (literary character), Jára Cimrman Český Vašek (obsolete, 19th Century), Hloupý Honza , Praotec Čech (Forefather Czech) , Čechie , Double-tailed Czech lion .
Chile El Roto , El Huaso , La Carmela , Doña Juanita (an average Chilean woman from the countryside)
China Chinese dragon
Denmark Holger Danske
Egypt Mother of the World (Om el-Donia)
England John Bull
Europe Europa or Europa regina
Finland Finnish Maiden (Suomi-neito)
France Marianne , Gallic rooster
Georgia Georgia: Saint George , "Mother of Georgia"
Germany Germany: Germania , Arminius (Hermann der Cherusker) , Deutscher Michel
Bavaria: Bavaria , Berlin: Berolina , Franconia: Franconia , Hamburg: Hammonia , Prussia: Borussia , Palatinate: Palatia , Saxony: Saxonia
Greece Athena , "Greece " of Delacroix
Hungary Hungária / Hunnia
Iceland The Lady of the Mountains (Fjallkonan )
Ireland Ériu , Kathleen Ni Houlihan , Hibernia , Granuaile
India Bharat Mata Durga
Indonesia Ibu Pertiwi
Israel Srulik , King David
Italy Italia Turrita
Japan Amaterasu Omikami , Samurai
Macedonia Mother Macedonia ,Macedonian lion (national symbol)
Malta Melita
Mexico Adelita , Guadalupe
Netherlands Hans Brinker (outside the Netherlands), De Leeuw van Oranje, de Nederlandse Maagd ` ("Netherlands Maiden"), (Zeeland : Zeeuws Meisje )
New Zealand Kiwi , Zealandia , Southern man (for the South Island )
Norway Ola Nordmann , Kari Nordmann , hist. Nór
Palestinian territories Handala
Pakistan Pak Watan is a national personification and a term of endearment for Pakistan.
Peru The chalán, La Madre Patria
Philippines Juan dela Cruz , Maria Clara , Filipinas , Luzviminda
Poland Polonia
Portugal Zé Povinho , Eu nacional Lusitania , República Rooster of Barcelos
Russia Mother Russia /Mother Motherland , Russian Bear
Singapore The Merlion
Scotland Jock Tamson
Serbia Wolf (national personification based on Serbian tradition ), Prince Marko (mythical hero, stereotype of the average Serb mentality), Kosovo Maiden , Typical Serb (bearded, stubborn man wearing a fur hat)
Slovakia Jánošík
Slovenia Kranjski Janez ("John from Carniola ", an average man from Slovenia's central region), Peter Klepec
South Korea Dangun
Spain Hispania , Juan Español , Osborne bull
Sweden Mother Svea , The Swedish Tiger (En svensk tiger )
Switzerland Helvetia
Turkey Anatolia
United Kingdom Britannia , John Bull , Lion
United States Uncle Sam (government personification), Lady Liberty , Columbia , Brother Jonathan (obsolete), Johnny Rebel (The South , obsolete), Billy Yank (The North , obsolete)
Ukraine Cossack Mamay
USSR Mother Motherland
Wales Dame Wales , Deffroad Cymru, the Awakening of Wales
Gallery
French political cartoon from the late 1890s, depicting European powers and
Japan carving their shares out of
China who protests in vain.
Norway, Denmark and Sweden joining hands in a 19th Century poster
World War I recruiting poster featuring
John Bull .
James Gillray 's cartoon on the 1803
Peace of Amiens , features a fat and non-martial Britannia kissing "Citizen François", a personifiaction of Revolutionary France never used by the French themselves
Romania Breaking off Her Chains on the Field of Liberty , also by C. D. Rosenthal
A later depiction of Romania as a woman in a World War I French caricature
The figures in this late 18th century painting by
Shiba Kōkan represent Japan, China, and the West.
17th century map by
Frederik de Wit showing mythological Europa as the continent's personification
"Mrs. Britannia" and her daughter "Miss Canada" discussing "
Cousin Jonathan "(the US) in a 1886 political cartoon.
See also References
^ Eric Hobsbawm, "Mass-Producing Traditions: Europe, 1870-1914," in Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, eds., The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge, 1983), 263-307. ^ Often seen in Macedonian folklore.
Lionel Gossman . “Making of a Romantic Icon: The Religious Context of Friedrich Overbeck’s ‘Italia und Germania.’” American Philosophical Society, 2007. ISBN 0-87169-975-3 . [1]
External links
National personifications
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