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List of political parties in Italy edit
extracted from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (using Wikipedia Reflection Script)

 

List of political parties in Italy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of political parties in Italy

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Italy

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Several political parties operate in Italy, and historically there have been even more than today. No one party has ever had the chance of gaining power alone and thus parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.

However, since the 2008 general election, only five major parties have been represented in Parliament. On one side the centre-right The People of Freedom and Lega Nord support the Berlusconi IV Cabinet. On the other side there is the centre-left opposition, composed of the Democratic Party and Italy of Values. The Union of Christian and Centre Democrats and Future and Freedom are the only relevant national parties outside the two big coalitions to be represented in Parliament. Other minor regional parties have seats in Parliament, notably the Movement for Autonomies, the South Tyrolean People's Party and the Valdotanian Union, while many more regional parties are active at the regional level.

Contents

History

Between 1945 and 1994, Italian politics was dominated by two major parties: Christian Democracy, which was the party of government, and the Italian Communist Party, the main opposition party. The other opposition party was the post-fascist Italian Social Movement. During its almost fifty years in government, Christian Democracy chose its coalition partners among four parties: the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, the Italian Republican Party and the Italian Liberal Party.

The Christian Democrats led the government consecutively for 46 but five years. Between 1983 to 1991, they steadily shared government with the Socialists, the Republicans, the Democratic Socialists and the Liberals altogether. These were the years when several Northern regional parties demanding autonomy organized themselves at the regional level. In 1991 they federated themselves into Lega Nord, which became the country's fourth largest party in the 1992 general election.

In 1992–1994, the political system was shaken by a series of corruption scandals known collectively as Tangentopoli. These events led to the disappearance of the five parties of government. Consequently the Communists, who had evolved to become Democratic Party of the Left in 1991, and the post-fascists, who launched National Alliance, gained strength. Following the 1994 general election media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi became Prime Minister at the head of a coalition composed mainly of three parties: its brand new party called Forza Italia (joined by many members of the formerly mainstream parties), National Alliance and Lega Nord.

Between 1996 and 2008, Italian political parties were organized into two big coalitions, the centre-right Pole for Freedoms (which was renamed House of Freedoms after the re-entry of Lega Nord in 2000) and The Olive Tree (renamed The Union in 2005) on the centre-left. The centre-left governed from 1996 to 2001 and again between 2006 and 2008, while the House of Freedoms was in government between 2001 and 2006.

In 2008 The Union ceased to exist and the newborn Democratic Party decided to break the alliance with the Communist Refoundation Party and the other parties of the coalition, except Italy of Values and the Italian Radicals. In the centre-right Forza Italia and National Alliance merged to form The People of Freedom, which continued the alliance with Lega Nord and secured a big majority in both Chambers at the 2008 general election.

Active parties

Major parties

Active parties having their own group in at least one of the two chambers of the Italian Parliament or having garnered more than 4% in the last general election:

Minor parties

Active parties having a minor representation in elective bodies, at national or regional level, or having garnered less than 4% in the last general election:

Regional parties

Active parties having at least 2 regional councillors or having garnered more than 1% in a regional election (or in a general/European election at the regional level):

Aosta Valley
Piedmont
Lombardy
South Tyrol
Trentino
Veneto
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Emilia-Romagna
Liguria
Tuscany
Marche
Umbria
Campania
Basilicata
Apulia
Sardinia
Sicily

Parties of the Italians abroad

Active parties having at least one MP or having garnered more than 15% in one constituency in the last general election:

Former parties

Coalitions

Former coalitions having garnered more than 15% in a general election:

Parties

Former parties having garnered more than 1% in a general election or having had at least 5 MPs:

Regional parties

Former parties having garnered more than 1% in a regional election (or in a general/European election at the regional level) or having had at least 2 regional councillors:

Aosta Valley
Piedmont
Lombardy
Liguria
South Tyrol
Trentino
Veneto
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Molise
Campania
Basilicata
Calabria
Sicily
Sardinia
Major
Medium
Minor
Regional
Sovereign
states
States with limited
recognition
Dependencies
and other territories
Other entities


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