L'anima del filosofo

L'anima del filosofo, ossia Orfeo ed Euridice (The Soul of the Philosopher, or Orpheus and Euridice), Hob. 28/13, is an opera in Italian in four acts by Joseph Haydn, the last he ever wrote. The libretto, by Carlo Francesco Badini, is based on the myth of Orpheus and Euridice as told in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Composed in 1791, the opera was never performed during Haydn's lifetime.

After his patron Prince Nikolaus Esterházy had died in 1790, Haydn travelled to London where he received a commission to write several symphonies. The impresario John Gallini also offered him a contract to write an opera for the King's Theatre but due to a dispute between King George III and the Prince of Wales he was refused permission to stage it. As a result, the score was never completed and some music appears to be missing.

Performance history

L'anima del filosofo remained unperformed until 9 June 1951 when it appeared at the Teatro della Pergola, Florence with a cast including Maria Callas and Boris Christoff, under the conductor Erich Kleiber. It has been performed and recorded several times since then. The opera makes extensive use of the chorus.

Roles

Role	Voice type	Premiere Cast, 9 May 1951 (Conductor: Erich Kleiber)
Orfeo	tenor	Thyge Thygesen
Euridice	soprano	Maria Callas
Plutone	bass	Mario Frosini
Creonte	bass	Boris Christoff
Baccante	soprano	Liliana Poli
Genio	soprano	Julanna Farkas
Corifeo	baritone	Edio Peruzzi
First courtier	baritone	Gino Orlandini
Second courtier/Warrior	tenor	Gino Sarri
Third courtier	baritone	Lido Pettini
Fourth courtier	tenor	Camillo Righini

The opera is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two cors anglais, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani, harp, strings, continuo.

Sources

Amadeus Almanac, accessed 25 August 2008
The Viking Opera Guide ed. Holden (1993)